Please note that I am myself a newbie, so I am approaching this subject through that particular lens. This post is not just about giving you a list of basic commands.
You can do a lot at the command line, but what we are concerned with here is getting a general idea of what it is and a feel for working with it. This is a post for those who are right at the beginning of their coding journey, who have come across the command line perhaps whilst following a tutorial, and have been slightly intimidated by it.